Palmyra is an archaeological Syrian city, an oasis in ancient times; a meeting place for commercial caravans; it attracted people from diverse cultures and countries where they were traveling while traveling between Persia in the East and Rome in the West. The city was conquered by the Romans in the first century AD, and they were protected from the dominance of their Persian rivals. Her city. This city was later rebuilt, but lost its historical importance due to the changing routes of commercial caravans that no longer pass.

Palmyra is located in the center of the state of Syria, approximately 210 km northeast of the Syrian capital Damascus. Palmyra is located approximately halfway between the Mediterranean Sea in the west and the Euphrates River in the east, and was therefore an important center of trade routes between the East and the West in different historical periods. It has an important role of great importance in the connection between the Roman Empire and the Mesopotamian countries. [2] The city of Palmyra is 150 km east of Homs, and the desert of the Levant, an arid desert in eastern Syria, is located in a mountain crossing at the foot of a mountain. Endoscope, between The Palmyra mountain range, close to a water-rich spring, has made it a green oasis since ancient times, in which convoys from various neighboring countries, such as the Persian Gulf, Persia, and the Mediterranean basin countries, have stopped. [3]

 

Palmyra is one of the most important archaeological cities in the region. It is mentioned in its current name in the history books for the first time before the birth of Christ about two thousand years ago.The source of this name is not known exactly, but it may be derived from the destroyed; Latin and Greek, known as Palmyra, [3] literally means the city of Palms, which was given the city by the Roman rulers in the first century AD [2] A large freshwater lake occurred in the east of the Palmyra, and the ancient man benefited from this water Search It was found that stone tools dating back tens of thousands of years were found. Archaeological research uncovered pottery from the Bronze Age around 2,000 BC. Ancient texts and manuscripts found in the cities of Mary and Aymar on the Euphrates, as well as in Assyrian manuscripts aged more than a thousand years BC [3] The city is believed to have been destroyed in the time of the Neo-Babylonian or Persian Achaemenid states; But they have returned Here and gained importance in the Seleucid era, then it became an independent city, like the State of the Nabataeans south, west of Homs and the Emirate. In the first century AD, the Roman Empire took control of Palmyra, then Emperor Hadrian granted it the privileges of a free city, so that its rulers were able to enact laws and legislation as they saw fit, but lost its commercial importance when the Persian state took control of Mesopotamia, and it succeeded in 228 BC During the third century, Queen Zenobia, the most famous ruler of Palmyra throughout history, ruled Palmyra and succeeded in raising the city's wealth, fortune, and fortune in difficult times, during which the Roman Empire passed. During the reign of Zenobia, the size of the kingdom of Palmyra expanded dramatically and expanded to take over the Levant, Palestine, and Egypt after all these states were taken from the Romans, thus giving birth to the Palmyra Empire, but Zenobia eventually lost the war. In the grip of the Roman Emperor Aurelian, who ordered the looting and destruction of the city of Palmyra to put down its revolution. Palmyra was later rebuilt, but it never regained its former economic importance and wealth. [4]

Palmyra is still rich in historical monuments, where the ruins of an ancient city, which was a great cultural center in the past, and between the first and second centuries AD Palmyra was characterized by a unique architecture; combining the architecture of different civilizations that lived around this city, which featured elements of Roman architecture and Alion In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, European travelers were greatly influenced by the unique architecture of Palmyra, and it was transferred to the west, and this was instrumental in reviving historical architectural styles. [5] The center of the city passes through a large pillar street, with great historical significance, on its sides covered corridors, and small streets with similar designs. In the first century in the East, [5] in the south of Palmyra lies the theater, the seat of the Senate, and the public square where the people of the city met.